chemtubeuk An introduction to flame tests. A chemistry tutorial

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In this tutorial we look at 25 different elements and see how their colour varies when placed in a colourless flame. The colours produced are a result of the emission spectra for each element. We don't go into the emission spectra in this tutorial but flame tests are an excellent introduction to the quantum world in which chemistry operates and a great starting point to explain electron configuration and electronic structure in atoms. Below is a list of the elements discussed in this tutorial together with the colour emitted during a flame test. As mentioned in the tutorial, flames tests are qualitative (that is it won't tell you how much of the element is present) but quantitative (that is how much of an element is present) techniques do exist and these will be covered in the analytical tutorials in more detail.

Arsenic - Blue
Boron - Bright green
Barium -Pale/Apple green
Calcium - Brick red
Caesium - Blue-Violet
Copper(I) - Blue
Copper(II) (non-halide) - Green
Copper(II) (halide) Blue-green
Iron - Yellow/Gold
Indium - Blue
Potassium - Violet
Lithium - Red
Manganese (II) - Yellowish green
Magnesium - Bright white
Molybdenum - Yellowish green
Sodium - Intense yellow
Phosphorus - Pale bluish green
Lead - Blue/White
Rubidium - Red-violet
Antimony - Pale green
Selenium - blue
Strontium - Red
Tellurium - Pale green
Thallium - green
Zinc Bluish white

An introduction to flame tests. A chemistry tutorial
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